Nowadays, geospatial information systems (GIS) are widely used to solve different spatial problems based on various types of fundamental data: spatial, temporal, attribute and topological relations. Topological relations are the most important part of GIS which distinguish it from the other kinds of information technologies. One of the important mechanisms for representing topological relations...

This paper investigates the processing of spatial queries with topological constraints, for which current database solutions are inappropriate. Topological relations, such as disjoint, meet, overlap, inside, and contains, have been well defined by the 9-intersection, a comprehensive model for binary topological relations. We focus on two types of queries: (1) “Which objects have a stated topolo...

examples and a formal definition are given later. As might be anticipated, the notion ofspatial relations is fundamental to the understanding ofgeometry, now regarded not as the study of 'geometrical objects' but of the relations between those objects. The point was made forcibly by the German mathematician David Hilbert, who allegedly said that the words 'point', 'line' and 'plane' could be re...

A considerable amount of fuzzy spatial data emerged in various applications leads to investigation of fuzzy spatial data and their fuzzy relations. Because of complex requirements, it is challenging to propose a general fuzzy spatial relationship representation and a general algorithm for determining all fuzzy spatial relations. This paper, presents a general characterization of representing fu...