introduction: given its low and sparse precipitation both in spatial and temporal scales, iran is nestled in an arid and semiarid part of the world. on the other hand, because of population growth, urbanization and the development of agriculture and industry sector is frequently encountered with increasing water demand. the increasing trend of water demand will widen the gap between water suppl...

the complexity of urban systems in our recent world, make it difficult to evaluation and explanation of their changes with traditional and customarily methods. in the past, remote sensing has shown an ability to detect and describe urban growth patterns at different spatial scales. with new remote sensing devices (e.g. ikonos), with innovative image processing techniques and with further develo...

continuous soil quality evaluation in is necessary agricultural regions to sustainable soil management and profitable agricultural production. the objectives of this study were comprised of an evaluation of soil quality utilizing integrated quality index (iqi) along with its spatial distribution in qazvin province. iqi was calculated and its spatial changes analyzed using different interpolatio...

the present study seeks to investigate users’ perception and evaluation of the function of designed environments and highlights a deeper understanding of man-environment relationship. the study tries to answer the question: “is there any relationship between the physical features of environment and users’ perception and evaluation of the environment and their spatial behaviors?” such investigat...

recent literature attaches high importance to scenic evaluation of natural landscapes. scenic beauty evaluation techniques often use parameters derived from photographs or collected in situ data via field assessment and questionnaires. such techniques are relatively costly and time consuming. park managers and recreational planners require spatial tools and techniques that are fast, flexible an...

The concept of endemism is useful in changes, scaling of endemism also changes, producing a different picture of endemism for each spatial scale. quantifying the biological uniqueness of an area, and has been used by many authors as a meaningful Moreover, the areal definition assumes equal levels of heterogeneity in different landscapes (clearly a alternative to simple species richness. The tra...

purpose : contrast sensitivity (cs) evaluation by sv–1000e chart in all spatial frequencies after micro incision cataract surgery (mics) and its comparison between two thin lenses after optical correction in natural and glare conditions methods : in this cross sectional study, 100 eyes having mics with dodick arc phacolaser system were evaluated. 50 thinoptx lenses and 50 acrismart lenses were ...