Using a new data set, we estimate the magnitude of the incumbency advantage in direct primary elections between 1910 to 2000. We ̄nd that the incumbency advantage, as estimated by the sophomore surge, was above 5 percentage points in primary elections even in the ̄rst decades of the twentieth century. The sophomore surge in primary elections grew to approximately 15 percentage points by the end...

A shortage of physicians in the United States has been long projected. Because of predictions of retirement among the aging pathology workforce, there is an anticipated shortage of pathologist as well. To address the pathology workforce shortage among pathologists, the Association of Pathology Chairs assembled a subcommittee of the Association of Pathology Chairs Advocacy Committee to explore w...

MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. Adults; Personality Traits; *Self Concept; *Sex Role Most of the research findings on the relationship between traditional gender-role traits and self-concept suggest that only traditionally li.,:sculine traits relate significantly to a positive self-concept for both males and females. This research has been limited in two ways. First, most studies have used student sam...

Computer W e teach a hardware and software codesign course to second-year students who have expressed an interest in either electronics or informatics (computer science). The course emphasizes concepts and methods that are useful to both hardware and software developers and in particular to developers of embedded systems who must consider both disciplines as well as their interaction. We consid...