Background and Objectives Leishmania are intracellular flagellate protozoan parasites cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in human. The immunological basis for resistance against leishmaniasis depends on Thl responses in the course of performance of cytokines like IL-12. In this study, a transgenic Leishmania coding human IL-12 was produced that can be used in Leishmanization. Ma...

background: hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a subviral human pathogen that exploits host rna editing activity to produce two essential forms of the sole viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (hdag). editing at the amber/w site of hdv antigenomic rna leads to the production of the large form (l-hdag), which is required for rna packaging. methods: in this study, pcr-based site-directed mutagenesi...

We describe a new exonuclease-based method for joining and/or constructing two or more DNA molecules. DNA fragments containing ends complementary to those of a vector or another independent molecules were generated by the polymerase chain reaction. The 3' ends of these molecules as well as the vector DNA were then recessed by exonuclease activity and annealed in an orientation-determined manner...

Recent advances in the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/antibody conjugations nanomedicine have increased need to optimize synthesis conditions and surface functionalization Au NPs. In this study, a home-made Neisseria meningitidis recombinant antibody (scFv-Fc) was developed by connecting fragment crystallizable (Fc) region human with mouse (single-chain variable (scFv)) characterized using ...

BACKGROUND: Among all common techniques in sitedirectedmutagenesis, λ Red recombinase system has beenwidely used to knock out chromosomal genes in bacteria. In thismethod, there is always the risk of DNA Linear digestion byhost's restriction enzymes that leads to the low frequency ofrecombination. OBJECTIVES:To overcome this, we constructeda recombinant vector to disrupt phoP gene in Salmonella...

There are many techniques to knock out directed genes in bacteria, some of which have been described in Salmonella species. In this study, a combination of SOEing PCR method and the λ Red disruption system were used to disrupt phoP gene in wild type and standard strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Three standards PCR and one fusion PCR reactions were performed to construct a linear DNA including...

there are many techniques to knock out directed genes in bacteria, some of which have been described in salmonella species. in this study, a combination of soeing pcr method and the λ red disruption system were used to disrupt phop gene in wild type and standard strains of salmonella typhimurium. three standards pcr and one fusion pcr reactions were performed to construct a linear dna including...

To address the need for broad-spectrum antiviral activity characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase inhibitors, we created a panel of intergenotypic chimeric replicons containing nonstructural (NS) protein NS5B sequences from genotype 2b (GT2b), GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, and GT6a HCV isolates. Viral RNA extracted from non-GT1 HCV patient plasma was subjected to reverse transcription. The N...