in macroeconomic studies, social welfare is assumed as a function of inflation and unemployment. although the social welfare function which is dependent to unemployment and inflation variables has been used widely in macroeconomic theories, but this relation needs to be tested through empirical observations. this paper, using variables such as to economics of happiness area and subjective wellb...

The use of natural resource revenues for achievement of development has been a challenging issue for resource abundant countries. These challenges stem from the fact that incomes from natural resources are non-durable, unpredictable and uncertain. Different countries have pursued various approaches and tools for managing these revenues to avoid economic fluctuations. The international organizat...

We construct a model of trade with heterogeneous retailers to examine the effects of trade liberalization on retail market structure, imports and social welfare. We are especially interested in studying the degree of pass-through of import into retail prices and the effects of retail market regulation. The paper shows that the degree of pass-through may be large when market structure effects ar...

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IN THE LITERATURE OF monopolistic third-degree price discrimination, it has been widely held that a change in aggregate Marshallian social welfare by price discrimination is negative if total output decreases. Among others, Schwartz [1990] verifies this conjecture for any total cost function that depends only on total output, not on its distribution among markets. Letting ∆X and ∆W denote a cha...

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A social welfare function entitled ‘ordinal Nash’ is proposed based on risk preferences and assuming a common, worst social state for all individuals. The crucial axiom in the characterisation of the solution is a weak version of IIA, in which only the relative risk position with respect to the worst state is considered. Thus the resulting social preference takes into account non (necessarily) ...

Suppose the agent has preferences over consumption and labor represented by the utility function u (c, l) that we assume separable and quasi-linear such that u (c, l) = c v (l). We assume that v0 (l) > 0 and v00 (l) 0. Each agent earns income z = nl when supplying l hours of labor and consumes c = nl T (nl) after taxes. Individuals are heterogeneous in the salary n that represents their type an...

A model is developed which allows us to examine the welfare effects of alternative methods of financing access to higher education. Under an extreme specification of the social welfare function, it is shown that it does not matter whether higher education is financed privately or through the exchequer. Under a more general specification of the social welfare function, conditions may be derived ...