Context. To characterize the mechanisms of planet formation it is crucial to investigate the properties and evolution of protoplanetary disks around young stars, where the initial conditions for the growth of planets are set. The high spatial resolution of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations now allows the study of radial va...

In the Sierra Nevada, the “Recess Peak Glaciation” has been previously defined on the basis of deposits exhibiting relative-age characteristics intermediate between those of the Little Ice Age deposits and those of early Holocene or older moraines. In the absence of reliable chronological control, the Recess Peak deposits were assigned an early Neoglacial age. Although numerous moraines in the ...

Water is a molecule that tightly related to many facets of star and planet formation. Water's abundance distribution, especially the location it's snowline has thus been subject much study. While water seen be abundant in inner region proto-planetary disks infrared spectroscopy, detections disk sub-millimeter are rare, with only one detection towards AS 205. Here we put multitude non-detections...

Microlensing is a proven extrasolar planet search method that has already yielded the detection of four exoplanets. These detections have changed our understanding of planet formation “beyond the snowline” by demonstrating that Neptune-mass planets with separations of several AU are common. Microlensing is sensitive to planets that are generally inaccessible to other methods, in particular cool...

We have calculated an evolution of protoplanetary disk from an extensive set of initial conditions using a time-dependent model capable of simultaneously keeping track of the global evolution of gas and water-ice. A number of simplifications and idealizations allows for an embodiment of gas-particle coupling, coagulation, sedimentation, and evapora-tion/condensation processes. We have shown tha...

it is a very short time that the quaternaries period in geology and physical geography's knowledge has occupied a very important place. during this period, the earth has suffered consecutive freezing that has been accompanied by tides and alternate erosion and sedimentation. sedimentary successions have recorded valuable evidence of changes with very accurate details. the study of these sedimen...

The interpretation of the isotopic composition of Andes tropical mountain glaciers is reconsidered using a simple Rayleigh distillation model. It is shown that Andes snowline depression and Huascaran ice core δO are consistent with a 3C drop in sea surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by an increase from 40% at present to 60% during the LGM in the annual mean proport...

Tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs), as thermodynamically recorded in Barbados corals, were 5 degrees C colder than present values 19,000 years ago. Variable tropical SSTs may explain the interhemispheric synchroneity of global climate change as recorded in ice cores, snowline reconstructions, and vegetation records. Radiative changes due to cloud type and cloud cover are plausible mechani...

CO is widely used as a tracer of molecular gas. However, there is now mounting evidence that gas phase carbon is depleted in the disk around TW Hya. Previous efforts to quantify this depletion have been hampered by uncertainties regarding the radial thermal structure in the disk. Here we present resolved ALMA observations of CO 3-2, CO 3-2, CO 6-5, and CO 6-5 emission in TW Hya, which allow us ...

Context. Planetisimals are thought to be formed from the solid material of a protoplanetary disk by a process of dust aggregation. It is not known how growth proceeds to kilometre sizes, but it has been proposed that water ice beyond the snowline might affect this