by the advent and development of information and communication technology (ict), the micro and macro economic variables are changed. in other words, the exclusive characteristics of ict can alter the job framework in a society. this fact will be done in our country, too. because of the importance of the employment issue in iran, a research in about of effect of ict on this variable in iran is s...

Preliminary Version: Comments are most welcome. JEL classification codes: E24, J2, J4, O53

Article history: Received 15 April 2011 Received in revised form 19 October 2012 Available online 30 October 2012 JEL classification: E24 J23 J63 J64 O39

Article history: Received 14 August 2007 Revised 8 July 2008 Available online 23 August 2008 JEL classification: J61 J64 E24 P23 R11 O33

i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...

The cGMP activated kinase cGK1α is targeted to its substrates via leucine zipper (LZ)-mediated heterodimerization and thereby mediates vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxation. One target is myosin phosphatase (MP), which when activated by cGK1α results in VSM relaxation even in the presence of activating calcium. Variants of MP regulatory subunit Mypt1 are generated by alternative splicing of t...

this paper reviews the relationship between inflation rate and minimum wage in iran’s economy over the 1969-2005. according to the economic literature, there is a narrow relationship between inflation rate and minimum wage. some economists believe in increased inflation due to minimum wage. the other group of economists considers the increased inflation as a cause for increasing minimum wage. t...

The earth system is exceedingly complex and often chaotic in nature, making prediction incredibly challenging: we cannot expect to make perfect predictions all of the time. Instead, look for specific states that lead more predictable behavior than others, termed "forecasts opportunity." When these opportunities are not present, scientists need systems capable saying "I don't know." We introduce...

This paper examines Allocators’ willingness to reward and punish their paired Recipients. Recipients only compete in a skill-testing contest, the outcome of which determines the size of the surplus. In the dictator game, Allocators reward skillful Recipients, but punish unskillful ones only modestly. The punishment effect is mitigated by the belief held by some Allocators that effort is the app...