Skidding operations induce changes in soil physical properties, which have the potential to impact soil sustainability and forest productivity. Our objective was to investigate the effects of traffic frequency, trail slope, and soil moisture content on soil compaction, total porosity and rut depth. Treatments included a combination of three different traffic intensities (3, 7, and 14 passes), t...

Nacrtak Extracting logs from stump to landings causes extensive damages to forest stand and soil. In this research two parcels adjacent to each other were selected in order to assess the effect of traditional and mechanized methods of logging on regeneration and soil compaction. A skid trail and a mule trail with similar longitudinal slope, skidding direction and total volume of extracted wood ...

water erosion causes severe soil damage in northern forests of iran which is associated with different rut depths in skid trails. the aim of this study was to assess rutting and soil displacement on skid trails to mitigate water erosion. therefore the research was carried out in eight parcels of district no 3 of shafarood forest in the north of iran. in order to evaluate the amount of erosion i...

Water erosion causes severe soil damage in northern forests of Iran which is associated with different rut depths in skid trails. The aim of this study was to assess rutting and soil displacement on skid trails to mitigate water erosion. Therefore the research was carried out in eight parcels of district No 3 of Shafarood Forest in the North of Iran. In order to evaluate the amount of erosion i...

Skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. Four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a Crawler Tractor Onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( ...

skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a crawler tractor onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( 2...

The effects of traffic frequency and skid trail slope on dry bulk density, litter mass and rutting are examined. Treatments included a combination of four different traffic frequencies (3, 7, 14, and 20 passes of a rubber skidder) and three levels of slope ( 20%.) The results showed that dry bulk density, rut depth and soil displacement increased with the increase of traffic frequency and slop...

harvesting of timber using ground based machinery is still a common practice around the world. track and road building, and movement of machinery during harvesting operations cause soil disturbance. therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the change in soil properties after logging operation on skid trails (2 years and 7 years after logging) and compare disturbed soil properties with...

the effects of traffic frequency and skid trail slope on dry bulk density, litter mass and rutting are examined. treatments included a combination of four different traffic frequencies (3, 7, 14, and 20 passes of a rubber skidder) and three levels of slope ( 20%.) the results showed that dry bulk density, rut depth and soil displacement increased with the increase of traffic frequency and slope...

Harvest traffic with heavy equipment causes damage to forest soils. Whereas increased soil damage has been reported with increasing harvest equipment traffic and on increasing slope gradients, it is unclear how much soil damage is caused by different directions of skidding. We examined the effects of traffic frequency, skid trail slope and skidding direction on the dry bulk density and total po...