background : forensic odontology is that branch of dentistry which plays a vital role with regard to anthropological studies and human identification. in the cases of mass disasters or cases where only the skeletal remains are found, bones and teeth will be the only source of information for the identification of the dead.  any aberrations or any variations from the normality become a distincti...

Improvements to analytical methods have made it possible for highly discriminative genotypic information to be gleaned from smaller and smaller amounts of sample material. This fact makes it practical to genotype samples or remains consisting of bone and tooth-samples that likely would not have yielded interpretable genotypic results a short time ago. In parallel, there have been improvements t...

In summary, unless the more sophisticated methods listed in the references are repeated and more success obtained with a series of bone samples of known date, no physico-chemical or morphological techniques have yet been devised that will determine date independently of environmental deterioration. The only exception is the radiocarbon estimation in bones of greater antiquity than those of medi...