The statistical synthesis of quantitative effects within primary studies via meta-analysis is an important analytical technique in the scientific toolkit modern researchers. As with any method or technique, knowledge weaknesses that might render findings limited potentially erroneous as well strategies by which to mitigate these biases essential for high-quality evidence. In this paper, we focu...

deflection analysis of a simply supported microbeam subjected to a concentrated load at the middle is investigated on the basis of a shear deformable beam theory and non-classical theory. effects of shear deformation and small size are taken into consideration by hyperbolic shear deformable beam theory and modified strain gradient theory, respectively. the governing differential equations and c...

background: a large proportion of patients presenting with lumbar disc disease are opium addicts in our region. it was, therefore, hypothesized that morphine might affect the intervertebral disc. we investigated the histological findings of morphine dependency on intervertebral discs in rat.   methods: forty nmri adult male rats (230-250 g) placed on ordinary diet and received aqueous solution ...

The usual method for establishing allowable daily intake (ADI) for a chemical involves determining a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and applying a safety factor. Even though this method has been used for many years, there appear to be no general guidelines or rules for defining a NOEL. The determination of a NOEL is particularly uncertain for lesions which occur naturally in untreated animals....