Obtaining samples that represent original fluid of reservoirs optimizes reservoirs management. The optimized management increases recovery. Also, selecting and performing proper Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) or Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) programs depend on collecting representative samples. Achieving accurate compositions of original in-situ fluid prevents overdesigning surface facilities. Re...

obtaining samples that represent original fluid of reservoirs optimizes reservoirs management. the optimized management increases recovery. also, selecting and performing proper improved oil recovery (ior) or enhance oil recovery (eor) programs depend on collecting representative samples. achieving accurate compositions of original in-situ fluid prevents overdesigning surface facilities. repres...

Size selected metal oxide, sulfide and oxynitride clusters, soft-landed onto highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at room temperature, have been studied in this work. Based on their size and chemical compositions, the deposited clusters have exhibited various surface structures as illustrated by in situ Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) and ex situ Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). In contr...

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of composition on the local transformation strain in NiTi single crystals. Using in situ digital image correlation to obtain full-field strain measurements, we revealed that increasing Ni concentration and precipitate volume fraction results in smaller local transformation strains. Comparison of the local strain measurements to theoretical ...

In the event of a rogue nuclear attack or interception of illicit nuclear materials, timely forensic investigations are critical for accurate source attribution. Uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) isotopic ratios of intercepted materials or postdetonation samples are, perhaps, the most valuable evidence in modern nuclear forensics. These ratios simultaneously provide information regarding the mater...

Cell surface carbohydrates are important to various bacterial activities and functions. It is well known that different types of Bacillus display heterogeneity of surface carbohydrate compositions, but detection of their presence, quantitation and estimation of variation at the single cell level have not been previously solved. Here, using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based recognition force m...

Many of the channels and reservoirs in microfluidic systems are used simply to allow liquids with different compositions to be delivered to where they are needed. An alternative approach is to use dissolved photochemicals and variable intensity LEDs to generate composition changes in situ. We applied this approach to generate concentration gradients of HCl for gradient ion chromatography.

A new class of multimetallic hierarchical aerogels composed entirely of interconnected Ni-Pdx Pty nano-building-blocks with in situ engineered morphologies and compositions is demonstrated. The underlying mechanism of the galvanic shape-engineering is elucidated in terms of nanowelding of intermediate nanoparticles. The hierarchical aerogels integrate two levels of porous structures, leading to...