in the present study, the effects of formalin as a peripheral noxious stimulus on spontaneously active units of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (pgi), a narrow region of the ventral pontine reticular formation, was examined in urethane anesthetized rats. spontaneous discharge of the pgi neurons was variable, ranging from i to 37 spikes per second. formalin as a chemical irritant a...

introduction: although formalin-induced activity in primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal ‎horn is well described, the midbrain neural basis underlying each phase of behavior in ‎formalin test has not been clarified. the present study was designed to investigate the nucleus ‎cuneiformis (cnf)‎‏ ‏neuronal responses during two phases after subcutaneous injection of ‎formalin into the hind paw...

introduction: previously, we demonstrated that i.p. injection of aqueous extract prepared from aerial parts of drosera spatulata (droseraceae) can induced remarkable analgesia in both phases of formalin test in rats. because, analgesia induced in acute phase of formalin test mainly mediated by activation of central analgesic mechanisms and also paragigantocellularis (pgi) nucleus is part of bra...

in this study the effect of adenosine and caffeine on spontaneous activity of paragigantocellularis (pgi) neurons was investigated. the spontaneous activity of pgi neurons was significantly decreased by microinjection of adenosine (10 nm, 0.5 µl) into pgi nucleus of both control and morphine-dependent rats. the decrease in firing rate of pgi neurons of morphine-dependent rats was greater than t...

this study has examined the functional importance of nucleus accumbens (nac)-ventral tegmental area (vta) interactions. as it is known, this interaction is important in associative reward processes. under urethane anesthesia, extracellular single unit recordings of the shell sub-region of the nucleus accumbens (nacsh) neurons were employed to determine the functional contributions of the vta to...

Since their refinement in the early 195Os, extracellular, singleunit recording methods have been used to obtain a wealth of data about the properties of CNS structures. The applications of the technique have been diverse: extracellular microelectrodes have been used to map the potential fields of single discharging neurons in order to answer fundamental questions about the excitability of CNS d...

8 There is a rather large gap between membrane properties of individual neurons and behavior or physiological events. To bridge this gap, we need to be able to understand the activity of individual neurons and how that activity contributes to neuronal circuits. Extracellular microelectrode recording, which focuses on neuronal action potentials of individual neurons as the “code” used by the int...

Single unit recording has been used as a well-known technique to study the electrical behavior of neurons. In this respect, the classical methods are rather expensive. In this study a simple and inexpensive method for single unit recording studies has been introduced. Computer sound card was used for data acquisition. Neural responses were saved via simple sound applicable packages and then ana...

Single unit recording has been used as a well-known technique to study the electrical behavior of neurons. In this respect, the classical methods are rather expensive. In this study a simple and inexpensive method for single unit recording studies has been introduced. Computer sound card was used for data acquisition. Neural responses were saved via simple sound applicable packages and then ana...