objectives: talking about needs, it means to consider the reasons of human behavior. because such behavior starts with one or several needs which will cause to develop different societies according to the degree of civilization, and also social-cultural factors treat differently with blinds, so these different circumstances can create different needs and motivation for them. methods: on this ba...

This paper estimates the markup for the Mexican manufacturing sector to detect the impact of trade liberalization on market power. Using Hall’s proposal that states that a procyclical Solow residual is an indication of market power, this research estimates the markup for different periods to detect the change in market power after trade liberalization was implemented. We account for the potenti...

MOST PEOPLE AGREE that stock prices sometimes behave in strange ways. Going beyond this simple observation typically proves more difficult. For at least the past quarter century, economists have been well aware that the variation of stock prices does not nicely match the familiar bell-shaped normal distribution.1 The problem is too many extreme movements. Very large increases or decreases would...

Channel repertoires, the subsets of available channels that viewers actually watch, have typically been measured by relying on respondent recall. Using minute-by-minute peoplemeter data from Beijing, this study operationalized channel repertoire as the channels actually watched for 10 or more consecutive minutes during the week. On average, Chinese viewers used 13 channels, about one third of t...

This paper describes a new head detection method for people counting in crowded environments from a single camera. Our method adopts skeleton graph to distinguish person among people in crowded enviroments. The usage of skeleton graph is the main difference between this method and the traditional ones. Firstly, the skeleton graphs are calculated for each selected blob in the scene after foregro...

Most of studies on the video communications are based on an unproved hypothesis: They take it granted that the full-face images of communicators are the 'sine qua non' in video conversations, and profiles are rather confusing or annoying for them. This paper proves the counter hypothesis that profile images are also useful and they can replace the full-faces under some conditions. Psychological...