This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of fertility in Austria, a country which has experienced a low and relatively stable fertility level and a gradual postponement of childbearing since the mid-1980s. We begin by summarising Austrian population trends in the post-World War II period and highlighting recent relatively high migration levels. We outline the long history of sub-replacement fer...

Cet article analyse les principaux aspects de la réforme agraire en Chine rurale depuis la moitié des années 80. Il explique le système chinois actuel de responsabilité du ménage en insistant notamment sur ses faiblesses institutionnelles, et expose les hypothèses quant à la nature et à la direction d’une réforme agraire plus poussée avancées par les économistes chinois. L’article analyse en pa...

Since the 1960s, soil microbiology underwent major changes in methods and approaches and this review focuses on the developments in some selected aspects of soil microbiology. Research in cell numbers of specific bacterial and fungal groups was replaced by a focus on biochemical processes including soil enzyme activities, and flux measurements of carbon and nutrients. Ecologists focused on soil...