The relationship between antecedent rainfall and pollutant build-up is difficult to quantify, particularly in arid environments, due to the inherent unpredictability and natural variability in rainfall. To overcome this variability, a rainfall simulator was constructed to mimic storm events under controlled conditions. Simulated storm events at monthly intervals were used to measure increasing ...

the main objective of this research was assessing the effects of land use on runoff parameters such as total runoff, surface runoff and peak discharges at the baghsalian watershed as a case study site. at first, land use maps of 1986 and 2012 were prepared using a synthetic method and landsat images. wetspa model was applied to simulate daily runoff for 8 years (the first 5 years as calibration...

The "Grain for Green Project" is a country-wide ecological program to converse marginal cropland to forest, which has been implemented in China since 2002. To quantify influence of this significant vegetation change, Guansihe Hydrological (GSH) Model, a validated physically-based distributed hydrological model, was applied to simulate runoff responses to land use change in the Guansihe watershe...

Runoff constitutes one of the major water losses from agricultural fields in semi-arid areas. However, by adopting appropriate soil management practices, the runoff can be harnessed for improving crop yields. The main objective of this study was to quantify rainfall-runoff relationships under in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) using simulated rainfall, and to compare these results to those ob...

Conservation tillage mitigates soil loss in cropland because plant residues help protect the soil, but effects on pesticide movement in surface runoff are not as straightforward. Effects of soil disturbance on surface runoff loss of chlorimuron and alachlor were evaluated utilizing runoff trays. Soil in the trays was either disturbed (tilled) and kept bare or was not tilled, and existing decomp...

this study aims to evaluate effects of two downscaling methods; change-factor and statistical downscaling on therunoff of the azam-harat river located at yazd province (with an arid climate) of iran, under the a2 emission scenariofor the period of 2010-2039. for this purpose, cgcm3-ar4 model; a rainfall-runoff conceptual model, ihacres; twodownscaling models, change factor and lars-wg were appl...

Little information is available concerning the effects of varying flow rate on nutrient transport by overland flow from areas on which manure was previously applied. The objective of this field study was to measure the effects of varying flow rate on nutrient transport following the application of varying amounts of beef cattle manure to plots containing either no-residue or a wheat residue cov...

A field-scale plot study was conducted at Virginia Tech’s Prices Fork Research Farm, to evaluate the transport of nutrients in runoff from manure and fertilizer applied at P-based agronomic rates to cropland planted to corn. Simulated rainfall events representing 2to 10-year storms in southwest Virginia, occurring 1 and 2 days following manure and fertilizer application were used to generate ru...

large impervious surfaces and man-made waterways are the characteristic of urban area. increasing urbanization and rapid growth of cities in recent decades towards the upstream watershed, has been severely affected on rainfall-runoff processes in urban area. therefore, to computer models in order to illustrate these processes the proper design or assessment of urban drainage systems has special...