This paper describes the effects of igneous intrusions on pore structure and adsorption capacity of the Permian coals in the Huaibei Coalfield, China. Twelve coal samples were obtained at different distances from a ~120 m extremely thick sill. Comparisons were made between unaltered and heat-affected coals using geochemical data, pore-fracture characteristics, and adsorption properties. Thermal...

Shallow-level sill emplacement can uplift Earth’s surface via forced folding, providing insight into the location and size of potential volcanic eruptions. Linking the structure and dynamics of ground deformation to sill intrusion is thus critical in volcanic hazard assessment. This is challenging, however, because (1) active intrusions cannot be directly observed, meaning that we rely on trans...

[1] Properties of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) depend on mixing that occurs in the Denmark Strait (DS) and the Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) overflow regions. How the sill’s topography in those regions may affect mixing processes and downstream variability is thus investigated using a high-resolution terrain-following ocean model. Model results agree with observations that show enhanced mixi...

The properties of water mass transformation in a semi-enclosed basin, separated from the open ocean by a sill and subject to surface cooling, are analyzed both theoretically and numerically using an ocean general circulation model. This study extends previous studies of convection in a marginal sea to the case with a sill. The sill has a strong impact on both the properties of the dense water f...

Turbulent mixing in the ocean can, in some cases, be so intense as to leave surface imprints, or “boils”, that are detectable from space. Examples include turbulent flow over a submerged obstacle and instability of large-amplitude internal waves. In this paper we examine the particular case of tidal flow over a ~60-m-deep sill, which forms a barrier for the flow of dense water from the Pacific ...

Scour downstream (DS) of hydraulic structures (HS) may endanger the safety of the structures if the necessary precuations are not considered during the design stage. Normally, different measures produce different effects on reducing the maximum scour depth DS of HS. One of the important HSs is the abruptly enlarged (or sudden expanding) stilling basins. In this paper, the effects of different a...

BACKGROUND Today, minimally invasive liver resections for both benign and malignant tumors are routinely performed. Recently, some authors have described single incision laparoscopic liver resection (SILL) procedures. Since SILL is a relatively young branch of laparoscopy, we performed a systematic review of the current literature to collect data on feasibility, perioperative results and oncolo...

The origin of the interstitial gases of Hole 479 is bacterial. This is indicated by a positive correlation of the C concentration in interstitial methane and CO2 in the shallower depths of the hole. Below a depth of 100 meters, the interstitial CO2 becomes increasingly depleted in carbon-13, which indicates a higher rate of CO2-producing decarboxylation reactions rather than a consumption of CO...

High latitude ocean gateway changes are thought to play a key role in Cenozoic climate evolution. However, the underlying ocean dynamics are poorly understood. Here we use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model to investigate the effect of ocean gateway formation that is associated with the subsidence of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. We find a threshold in sill depth (∼50 m) that is linked to t...