personalized medicine is a set of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches in which medical interventions are carried out based on individual patient characteristics. as life expectancy increases in developed and developing countries, the incidence of diseases such as cancer goes up among people in the community. cancer is a disease that the response to treatment varies from one person...

rho-kinase is an effector molecule of rhoa, a monomeric gtp-binding protein, and causes ca2+ sensitization through inactivation of myosin phosphatase. the major physiological functions of rho/rho-kinase cascade include contraction, proliferation and migration in cells.there are some excellent reviews about rho/rho-kinase signal pathway, most of which focus on the specific proteins of the pathwa...

Precise regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for normal animal development and for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in adults. The Wnt/Frizzled-mediated signaling includes canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. Upregulation or downregulation of the canonical Wnt-signaling (or the Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction) leads to a variety of human diseas...

interferons (ifns) are a family of small regulatory glycoproteins that play a central role in the defense against viral infections. although ifns have been initially discovered as antiviral factors, today they are known as an integral part of the cytokine network that affect a wide range of biological processes. ifns exert their pleiotropic effects through their multisubunit cell surface recept...