The sustainability and development of shrimp aquaculture are largely at stake as significant ecological and pathological problems are increasing in the vast majority of the shrimp producing countries. Prevention and control of diseases are now the priority for the durability of this industry. Within the past decade, intensification of the shrimp production, based on progress in zootechnology, h...

The sustainability and development of shrimp aquaculture are largely at stake as significant ecological and pathological problems are increasing in the vast majority of the shrimp producing countries. Prevention and control of diseases are now the priority for the durability of this industry. Within the past decade, intensification of the shrimp production, based on progress in zootechnology, h...

Disease has had a major impact on shrimp aquaculture since shrimp farming became a significant commercial entity in the 1970s. Diseases due to viruses, rickettsial-like bacteria, true bacteria, protozoa, and fungi have emerged as major diseases of farmed shrimp. Many of the diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and protozoans are now managed using improved culture practices, routine sanitation, an...

Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimps or prawns for human consumption and is now considered as a major economic and food production sector as it is an increasingly important source of protein available for human consumption. Intensification of shrimp farming had led to the development of a number of diseases, which resulted in the excessive use of antim...

In the period from 1970-1990, the worldwide shrimp industry was dependent on post larvae (PL) from wild sources. Grow-out systems were relatively simple, water exchange rates were high and few disease agents were known. Diagnostic capability was low and antibiotics and chemical use was common. Explosive increase in global shrimp cultivation was accompanied by viral pandemics starting around 198...

At least four virus caused pandemics have adversely affected the global penaeid shrimp farming industry since 1980. These viruses in the approximate order of their discovery are Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Yellow Head Virus (YHV), Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). The socioeconomic impact of the diseases caused by these viruses...

Loss due to diseases is a major problem in both shrimp farm and hatcheries and to control diseases, a number of antibiotics, sanitisers and chemicals are being used. This results in adverse environmental effects, emergence of antibiotic resistance and persistence of chemical residues in animal tissues. Considering the negative impact of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutants, biological contr...

The survey on tilapia-shrimp polyculture was conducted in Thailand and Vietnam from March through June 2002. The survey conducted in Thailand was to assess the current status of farmers’ practice of tilapia-shrimp polyculture, while the survey conducted in Vietnam was to find out why Vietnamese shrimp farmers do not grow tilapia in shrimp ponds. In twelve provinces of Thailand, 61 farmers who c...

The global aquaculture of penaeid shrimp has grown rapidly during the past two decades. In 1998, world shrimp farmers produced an estimated 737 200 t of whole shrimp (this includes 530 200 t from the eastern hemisphere and 207 000t from the western hemisphere), a record 12% increase from the 660 200 t produced in 1997 (Rosenberry 1998, 1999). The shrimp farming sector suffered a serious setback...

SHRIMP AQUACULTURE HAS BEEN DRAMATICALLY AFFECTED BY MANY PATHOGENIC DISEASES, MAINLY CAUSED BY FIVE VIRUSES: IHHNV, YHV, TSV, WSSV, and IMNV. Here we provide a state-of-the-art overview of these shrimp viruses, with emphasis on distribution, pathology, morphology, and genomic organization, in addition to current diagnostic methods and intervention practices.