the effects of solvent, temperature, time, weight percent of catalyst on the rate and mechanism of cyclization of natural rubber (nr) was studied in toluene and xylene solutions having tin tetra chloride catalyst (sncl4). iodometric titration show, with 8% sncl4 (based on polymer weight) cyclization occurs, leaving 27.4% of the total unsaturation. infrared spectra of cyclized nr show decreased ...

Paint stripping from large steel ships and other metallic surfaces is a major environmental safety, cost, and operational challenge in effectively and efficiently maintaining and refurbishing large structures. Environmental concerns are greatly limiting the possible options. As a result, a hybrid system composed of a waterjet with water recycling and robotic mobile manipulators with scanning br...

The National Robotics Engineering Consortium and UltraStrip Systems Inc. have developed a highly flexible and productive robot to strip paint from large ships and other large ferro-magnetic structures based on the patents obtained by UltraStrip Systems, Inc. (US patents: 6,425,340; 5,849,099; 5,628,271). Removal of corrosion and coatings from large vessels has become a serious economic and envi...

The corrosion resistance of mild steel (used to make hull plates in ship technology) seawater before paint coating (Nippon paint, weatherbond advance) and after has been measured by electrochemical studies such as Polarisation study AC impedance spectra. It is observed that coating, the increases. Polarization reveals linear polarization increases current decreases. spectra reveal presence char...

Cuprous oxide-based antifouling paint is now the most common type in use, especially in the shipping industry. Anti-fouling paints prevent or slow down the growth of organisms attached to the hull, in order to improve a vessel’s performance and durability. However, copper is a scarce resource and never can be retrieved or recycled after leaching into the sea. The need to protect sensitive marin...