Interleukin (IL)-13 is a key cytokine associated with the asthmatic phenotype. It signals via its cognate receptor, a complex of IL-13 receptor alpha1 chain (IL-13Ralpha1) with IL-4Ralpha; however, a second protein, IL-13Ralpha2, also binds IL-13. To determine the binding contributions of the individual components of the IL-13 receptor to IL-13, we have employed surface plasmon resonance and eq...

This paper is about studying citizens’ information needs through a collection of different research lenses. We were interested in users of online, citizen rights web sites, such as the SHIL (http://shil.info) site. Our results report findings from three parallel data collection efforts. In order to gain a better understanding of how the SHIL website is used, and to compare the information needs...

SHIL on the Web is the Website of the Israeli Citizens’ Advice Bureau. It provides information about rights, social benefits, government and public services and civil obligations. Activity on the site approaches 10,000 pages visited per day. It has interfaces in four languages: Hebrew, Arabic, Russian and English. Logfile analysis of the SHIL Website revealed to our surprise that about 60.7% of...

IL-4 is a key cytokine associated with allergy and asthma. Induction of cell signaling by IL-4 involves interaction with its cognate receptors, a complex of IL-4Ralpha with either the common gamma-chain or the IL-13R chain alpha1 (IL-13Ralpha1). We found that IL-4 bound to the extracellular domain of IL-4Ralpha (soluble human (sh)IL-4Ralpha) with high affinity and specificity. In contrast with ...

SHIL on the Web is the website of the Israeli Citizens’ Advice Bureau. It provides information about rights, social benefits, government and public services and civil obligations. Activity on the site approaches 10,000 pages visited per day. It has interfaces in four languages: Hebrew, Arabic, Russian and English. Logfile analysis of the SHIL website revealed to our surprise that about 60.7% of...

A remarkable mathematician, one of the most prominent specialists in the theory of dynamical systems and bifurcation theory, a laureate of the Lyapunov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences and of the Lavrent’ev Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a Humboldt Professor, Head of the Department of Differential Equations of the Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Cybe...

Posttraumatic activation of the catabolic cascade plays a major role in degradation of cartilage. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a primary instigator in the catabolic axis, is upregulated in chondrocytes following injury. IL-1β activates key degradative enzymes, including MMPs and aggrecanases, and other proinflammatory mediators such as PGE2 which contribute to ECM breakdown. Posttranscriptional sile...

The Internet had grown to be a global and multilingual phenomenon [1]. A growing number of companies and organizations are offering their services to a global, multicultural audience. However, translating the service to different language is not enough to make the service usable by users of diverse cultures. A very large number of nation states and constituent audiences are multilingual [1]. Us...