نتایج جستجو برای: shading sunlit index
تعداد نتایج: 403692 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Today, access to sustainable environment for more presence of humans in open space should improve the quality of open spaces and human thermal comfort. Hence, the courtyard as an open space is an important element in solar radiation absorption and providing thermal comfort. The aim of this paper is to investigate the climatic performance of traditional courtyard houses, according to shading ...
Daily variations in net gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and water relations of mature, sun-acclimated grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfady.) and orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) leaves were determined in tree canopies either shaded with 50% shade screens or left unshaded (sunlit). Mean daily maximum photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under shade varied from 500 to 700 micromol ...
Accurate quantification of the spatial variation canopy size is crucial for vineyard management in context Precision Viticulture. Biophysical parameters associated with size, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), can be estimated from Vegetation Indices (VI) Normalized Difference (NDVI), but Vertical-Shoot-Positioned (VSP) vineyards, common satellite, or aerial imagery moderate-resolution capture info...
A new instrument called a Multiband Vegetation Imager (MVI) (Kucharik et al., 1997), which uses a 16-bit charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and ®lter exchange mechanism to capture 2-band (visible and near-infrared) image pairs of plant canopies, has been used to measure the light distribution over sunlit leaves and indirectly infer leaf area index (LAI), sunlit LAI and leaf angle distribution (...
The development of near-surface remote sensing requires the accurate extraction of leaf area index (LAI) from networked digital cameras under all illumination conditions. The widely used directional gap fraction model is more suitable for overcast conditions due to the difficulty to discriminate the shaded foliage from the shadowed parts of images acquired on sunny days. In this study, a new LA...
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