cell replacement therapy has provided the basis for future clinical applications to treat central nervous system injuries fallowing by car accidents. induced functional neurons are an option for replacing the lost neurons. the ability to monitor changes in membrane potential is a useful tool for studying neuronal function, but there are only limited options available at present. here, investiga...

Near-infrared (near-IR, NIR) dyes offer important advantages over traditional visible light dyes. Because cellular or tissue components produce minimal autofluorescence in the near-IR region, near-IR dyes have the potential to offer highly specific and sensitive detection in complex biological systems. Also, because light with wavelength in the near-IR region has strong tissue penetration, near...

We present a new imaging method to record multicolor digital holograms from objects emitting fluorescent light. The fluorescent light specific to the emission wavelength of various fluorescent dyes after excitation of three dimensional (3D) objects is recorded on a digital monochrome camera after reflection from a diffractive optical element (DOE). For each wavelength of fluorescent emission, t...

Many high-throughput ion channel assays require the use of voltage-sensitive dyes to detect channel activity in the presence of test compounds. Dye systems employing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between 2 membrane-bound dyes are advantageous in combining high sensitivity, relatively fast response, and ratiometric output. The most widely used FRET voltage dye system employs a coumari...

-Understanding the spatio-temporal features of the information processing occurring in any complex neural structure requires the monitoring and analysis of the activity in populations of neurons. Electrophysiological and other mapping techniques have provided important insights into the function of neural circuits and neural populations in many systems. However, there remain limitations with th...

Microscopy based on voltage-sensitive dyes has proven effective for revealing spatio-temporal patterns of neuronal activity in vivo and in vitro. Two-photon microscopy using voltage-sensitive dyes offers the possibility of wide-field visualization of membrane potential on sub-cellular length scales, hundreds of microns below the tissue surface. Very little information is available, however, abo...