We propose a framework for dealing with binary hard-margin classification in Banach spaces, centering on the use of a supporting semi-inner-product (s.i.p.) taking the place of an inner-product in Hilbert spaces. The theory of semi-inner-product spaces allows for a geometric, Hilbert-like formulation of the problems, and we show that a surprising number of results from the Euclidean case can be...

In this study, we investigate the semi-real quaternionic curves in the semi-Euclidean space E_4_2. Firstly, we introduce algebraic properties of semi-real quaternions. Then, we give some characterizations of semi-real quaternionic involute-evolute curves in the semi-Euclidean space E42 . Finally, we give an example illustrated with Mathematica Programme.

1 Definitions and Examples 1.1 Metric and Normed Spaces Definition 1.1. A metric space is a pair (X, d), where X is a set and d is a function from X ×X to R such that the following conditions hold for every x, y, z ∈ X. 1. Non-negativity: d(x, y) ≥ 0. 2. Symmetry: d(x, y) = d(y, x). 3. Triangle inequality: d(x, y) + d(y, z) ≥ d(x, y) . 4. d(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y. Elements of X are call...

Chen's biharmonic conjecture is well-known and stays open: The only biharmonic submanifolds of Euclidean spaces are the minimal ones. In this paper, we consider an advanced version of the conjecture, replacing $Delta$ by its extension, $L_1$-operator ($L_1$-conjecture). The $L_1$-conjecture states that any $L_1$-biharmonic Euclidean hypersurface is 1-minimal. We prove that the $L_1$-conje...

We determine the causal transformations of a class of causal symmetric spaces (Th. 2.4.1). As a basic tool we use causal imbeddings of these spaces as open orbits in the conformal compactification of Euclidean Jordan algebras. In the first chapter we give elementary constructions of such imbeddings for the classical matrix-algebras. In the second chapter we generalize these constructions for ar...