this study investigated the effect of using visual aids, semantic elaboration, and visual aids plus semantic elaboration on the iranian efl learners' vocabulary learning. to conduct the study, the researchers assigned 49 elementary learners to three homogeneous groups according to their proficiency level. then, a pre-test of paribakht and wesche's vocabulary knowledge scale was given ...

This study investigated the effect of using visual aids, semantic elaboration, and visual aids plus semantic elaboration on the Iranian EFL learners' vocabulary learning. To conduct the study, the researchers assigned 49 elementary learners to three homogeneous groups according to their proficiency level. Then, a pre-test of Paribakht and Wesche's Vocabulary Knowledge Scale was given to each gr...

Self-referential processing has been identified as a possible tool for supporting effective encoding processes in the elderly population. However, the importance of self-reference per se, relative to the increase in meaningful elaboration normally associated with self-reference instructions, remains unclear. The present study sought to explore this issue further by examining self-referential en...