In a device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular network, user equipment are required to operate cooperatively and unselfishly to transmit data as relays. However, most users more or less behave in a selfish way, which makes user selfishness a key factor that affects the performance of the whole communication system. We focus on the impact of user selfishness on D2D communications...

This paper explores how commonly held folk psychology beliefs about selfishness and altruism have framed theoretical accounts of whether, or how, altruism could have evolved. This is demonstrated by assuming an alternative view of selfishness and altruism (from the Tibetan/Buddhist culture) and showing that it results in a very different, but completely plausible account of altruism and selfish...

We introduce a new measure of the discrepancy in strategic games between the social welfare in a Nash equilibrium and in a social optimum, that we call selfishness level. It is the smallest fraction of the social welfare that needs to be offered to each player to achieve that a social optimum is realized in a pure Nash equilibrium. The selfishness level is unrelated to the price of stability an...

We use a controlled laboratory experiment to study the causal impact of income de-creases within time period on redistribution decisions at end that period, in an environment where we keep fixed sum incomes over period. First, investigate effect negative trend (intra-personal decrease), which means decreasing compared one’s recent past. Second, relative another person (inter-personal decrease)....

We introduce a new measure of the discrepancy in strategic games between the social welfare in a Nash equilibrium and in a social optimum, that we call selfishness level. It is the smallest fraction of the social welfare that needs to be offered to each player to achieve that a social optimum is realized in a pure Nash equilibrium. The selfishness level is unrelated to the price of stability an...

Elections affect the division of resources in society and are occasions for political elites to make appeals rooted voters' self-interest. Hence, elections may erode altruistic norms cause people behave more selfishly. We test this intuition using Dictator Games a lab-in-the-field experiment involving sample than 1000 individuals Kenya Tanzania. adopt two approaches. First, we experimentally pr...

Opportunistic networking (a.k.a. device-to-device communication) is considered a feasible means for offloading mobile data traffic. Since mobile nodes are battery-powered, opportunistic networks must be expected to satisfy the user demand without greatly affecting battery lifetime. To address this requirement, this work introduces progressive selfishness, an adaptive and scalable energy-aware a...

Mobile ad hoc networks communicate in a self-organized way without depending on any fixed infrastructure. The issue of selfish nodes, which may refuse to cooperate, is a great challenge in such networks and may cause network throughput to drastically reduce. Energy-based selfishness is a category of selfishness in which a selfish node shows nondeterministic and probabilistic selfishness behavio...

Selfishness is seldom considered a group-beneficial strategy. In the typical evolutionary formulation, altruism benefits the group, selfishness undermines altruism, and the purpose of the model is to identify mechanisms, such as kinship or reciprocity, that enable altruism to evolve. Recent models have explored punishment as an important mechanism favoring the evolution of altruism, but punishm...