Objective To compare the oral abuse potential of hydrocodone extended-release (ER) tablet developed with CIMA ® Abuse-Deterrence Technology with that of hydrocodone immediate release (IR). Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Setting and Patients One study site in the United States; adult nondependent, recreational opioid users. Methods After confirming th...

In 100 otherwise healthy gynaecological patients the sedative effects of oxypertine 20 mg given orally before operation have been studied using a standard scoring system. In the patients studied, oxypertine 20 mg provided relief of anxiety (sedation) comparable to that obtained after the administration of a tablet of Mandrax used as comparison. Side effects were minimal and after oral administr...

OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and tolerability of butterbur (Petasites hybridus) with cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever). DESIGN Randomised, double blind, parallel group comparison. SETTING Four outpatient general medicine and allergy clinics in Switzerland and Germany. PARTICIPANTS 131 patients were screened for seasonal allergic rhinitis and 125 pati...

Anxiety is feeling of danger in a person who is threatening with something. Nowadays, anxiety is increased in different populations and, thus it is became an important problem in many countries. Melissa officinalis (Melissa) and Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) are two medicinal plants. These two plants are traditionally used as sedative herbal drugs and new studies on their pharmacological act...

Low Bock Pain is a very common condition; as about 80% of people experience it throughout their life. Low Back Pain has negative effects on different aspects of the clients’ lives. The objective of the research is conducted to evaluate the effect of acupressure on Low Back Pain and decline amount medication. Ninety patients were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly divided into th...

Low Bock Pain is a very common condition; as about 80% of people experience it throughout their life. Low Back Pain has negative effects on different aspects of the clients’ lives. The objective of the research is conducted to evaluate the effect of acupressure on Low Back Pain and decline amount medication. Ninety patients were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly divided into th...

imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract has a significant and critical role for diagnosis of genitourinary system diseases. although technological progress goes toward less invasive approaches, some of the current methods are still invasive and annoying. voiding cystourethrography (vcug) is the best and most accurate method for diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral refl ux. vcug is a distres...

Before 1961, there was very little evidence for drug-induced malformations in humans. But in that year, Lenz and McBride independently accumulated evidence that a mild sedative, thalidomide, caused an enormous increase in a previously rare syndrome of congenital anomalies. The most noticeable of these anomalies was phocomelia, a condition in which the long bones of the limbs are absent (amelia)...

Lorazepam a benzodiazepine drug is used as an antianxiety, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant drug. Bypassing the enterohepatic recirculation and first-pass metabolism of lorazepam by sublingual delivery of this drug may accelerate the onset of its action. The objective of this study was the formulation, optimization and in vitro characterization of mucoadhesive sublingual tablets of loraze...

the methanolic leaf extract of thuja occidentalis was evaluated for possible sedative activities in mice. sedative activity was evaluated by using hole cross, open field, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time and elevated-plus maze (epm) tests at 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.  the extract decreased the locomotor activity of mice in hole cross, open field and epm test and showed the remarkable resul...