The transition from forward smoldering to flaming in polyurethane foam is observed using indepth thermocouples and ultrasound probing. The experiments are conducted with small parallelepiped samples vertically placed in an upward wind tunnel. Three of the vertical sample sides are maintained at elevated temperature and the fourth is exposed to an upward oxidizer flow and a radiant heat flux. An...

In this study, we show how the red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes host secondary apoptotic necrosis. RGNNV viral proteins such as protein alpha (42 kDa) and protein A (110 kDa) were quickly expressed between 12 h and 24 h postinfection (p.i.) in GL-av cells. Annexin V staining revealed that the NNV infection of GL-av c...

Introduction Following mechanical trauma to spinal cord, a series of pathobiological events ensue leading to the so-called “secondary injury”. Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) breakdown is an important secondary effect following mechanical trauma to the spinal cord. Traditionally, the BSCB permeability has been assessed ex vivo, using histological techniques [1]. However, noninvasive in vivo te...

We explore the issue of fault reactivation induced in enhanced geothermal systems by fluid injection. Specifically, we investigate the role of late stage activation by thermal drawdown. A Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical simulator incorporating a ubiquitous joint constitutive model is used to systematically simulate the seismic slip of an embedded critically stressed strike-slip fault. We examin...

The secondary back-iron plays important role in performance of single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs). On one hand, it provides a return path for the primary flux; on the other hand, it is employed as a mechanical support for the secondary sheet. The conductivity of the iron used in the back-iron as well as its magnetic permeability influence the outputs of the machine, while the magnetic...

Among the many parameters affecting the design of hydraulic structures on fissured rocks are orientation of principal permeability axes and degree of anisotropy of fissured rocks. Geological explorations rarely provide this type of information. If at all the information is available, methods employed are computationally cumbersome and inefficient. A new concept of simple equations and geometric...

Fracture reservoirs contain most of the oil reserves of the Middle East. Such reservoirs are poorly understood and recovery from fractured reservoirs is typically lower than those from conventional reservoirs. Many efforts have been made to enhance the recovery and production potential of these reservoirs. Fractured reservoirs with high matrix porosity and low matrix permeability need a seconda...

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