bekenstein and hawking by introducing temperature and every black hole has entropy and using the first law of thermodynamic for black holes showed that this entropy changes with the event horizon surface. bekenstein and hawking entropy equation is valid for the black holes obeying einstein general relativity theory. however, from one side einstein relativity in some cases fails to explain expe...

there has been a gradual shift of focus from the study of rule systems, which have increasingly been regarded as impoverished, … to the study of systems of principles, which appear to occupy a much more central position in determining the character and variety of possible human languages. there is a set of absolute universals, notions and principles existing in ug which do not vary from one ...

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

in this thesis our aim is to construct vector field in r3 for which the corresponding one-dimensional maps have certain discontinuities. two kinds of vector fields are considered, the first the lorenz vector field, and the second originally introced here. the latter have chaotic behavior and motivate a class of one-parameter families of maps which have positive lyapunov exponents for an open in...

one of the most important number sequences in mathematics is fibonacci sequence. fibonacci sequence except for mathematics is applied to other branches of science such as physics and arts. in fact, between anesthetics and this sequence there exists a wonderful relation. fibonacci sequence has an importance characteristic which is the golden number. in this thesis, the golden number is observed ...

bserved by many teachers that most of the time, mumbling and searching for their intended words, students complain why they have forgotten the words they have learned in the previous semesters. they ask for some new ways that may help them to recall and apply the learned words more efficiently, since as they declare one of the most important skills in foreign language learning is having a g...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

within the components of communicative competence, a special emphasis is put on the “rules of politeness,” specifically the politeness strategies (brown and levinson, 1978) that speakers deploy when performing the request speech act. this is because the degree of imposition that making a request places upon one’s interlocutor(s) has been seen to be influenced by several factors among which, as ...

we have devided the thesis in to five chapters. the first recollects facts from purely algebraic theory of jordan algebras and also basic properties of jb and jb* - algebras which are needed in the sequel. in the second chapter we extend to jb* - algebras, a classical result due to cleveland [8]. this result shows shows the weakness of jb* - norm topology on a jb* - algebera. in chapter three, ...