conclusions according to the appearance of the purple line in most of the cases and its high sensitivity and specificity, we can use it as a non-invasive complementary method for clinical assessment of labor progress. results the purple line appeared in 75.3% of women during the active phase of labor. appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90.2% sensitivity, 45.3%...

abstract background: labor is a physiologic process, and consideration of labor pain and relieving that is among the major components of maternal care. application of some labor position can lay the fetus better in pelvic canal direction. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of laying the mother in three labor positions on the pain severity in the second, third, and fourth stages o...

objectives comparing the effects of spontaneous pushing in the lateral position with the valsalva maneuver during the second stage of labor on maternal and fetal outcomes. methods inclusion criteria in this randomized clinical trial conducted in iran were as follows: nulliparous mothers, live fetus with vertex presentation, gestational age of 37 - 40 weeks, spontaneous labor, and no complicatio...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits and risks of using uterine fundal pressure in shortening the second stage of labor and on the obstetrical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS A pilot study comprising 209 primigravidae between 37 and 40 gestational weeks with singleton fetus in cephalic presentation admitted to the delivery suite were considered and were randomly allocated into two groups: I (n=10...

The second stage of labor is regarded as the climax of the birth by the delivering woman, her partner, and the care provider. International health policy and programming have placed emphasis on the first stage of labor, including appropriate use of the partogram and identification of hypertension or sepsis, and have also focused on the third stage of labor with active management (AMTSL). More r...