root-knot nematodes are one of the limiting factors in seedling production and new olive gardens establishment in iran. in view of find resistance cultivars to root-knot nematodes, importance of careful identification of species and races are clarified. in order to investigate root-knot nematodes on olive, soil and root samples of gardens and nursery in gorgan area were collected. in this study...

Juveniles ofBakernema inaequale and the male of Ogma cobbi are described and illustrated for the first time. Juveniles of Bakernema inaequale lack the cuticular spines characteristic of the adults. The annules of first-stage and fourth-stage juveniles are smooth, whereas those of the second-stage and third-stage juveniles have faint, bead-like ornamentation either throughout the body or in the ...

A new species of Akanthepsilonema and the first-stage juvenile of Glochinema trispinatum are described. Furthermore, additional morphological information is provided for Triepsilonema tripapillata. Animals originate from a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight area (North-East Atlantic Ocean). Akanthepsilonema sinecornibus sp. n. differs from A. heUeouetae in number of bod...

Various concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of Lantana camara were assessed in vitro conditions against second stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The standard concentration ‘S’ of leaf extract was found to be highly nematostatic, where nematodes were completely paralyzed after 12 h and after 48 h of exposure, 96% of juveniles were killed at same concentration. However, the mortal...

Low temperature induced physiological changes that increased the ability of second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne hapla to survive external freezing. Second-stage juveniles in polyethylene glycol solution were exposed to -4 , 0, 4, or 24 C, and then their survival was determined after ice-induced freezing of the suspensions at - 4 C for 24 hours. Survival was greatest for juveniles exposed to 4...

Host–parasite relationships in root-knot disease of spinach caused by Meloidogyne incognita race 1 were studied under glasshouse conditions. Nematode-induced mature galls were large and usually contained one or more females and egg masses with eggs. Feeding sites were characterized by the development of giant cells containing granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei. The cytoplasm in th...

The development and life stages of Meloidogyne cruciani on tomato was studied at 28 C. Roots of 2-wk-old 'Rutgers' tomato seedlings were exposed to inoculum for 24 h, rinsed, and the seedlings repotted. No major changes in juvenile development were observed prior to 8 days after inoculation. At 11 days the second-stage juvenile had enlarged considerably. The genital primordium had not yet asume...

Heterodera raskii n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens collected from roots of bulb grass, Cyperus bulbosus, in Hyderabad, India. The new species belongs to the 'goettingiana' group and differs from closely related H. cyperi by the elongate ovoid shaped cysts and females, greater fenestral length, width, vulval slit, and absence of egg sac. The stylet knob shape was round in secon...

The life cycle of Belonolaimus longicaudatus was observed in vitro on excised roots of Zea mays. Roots were cultured on Gamborg's B5 medium in petri dishes with 1.5% agar adjusted to pH 5.8 and incubated at 28 degrees C in darkness. Second-stage juveniles (J2) fed on the roots and started the second molt (M2) to the third-stage juveniles 2 days after inoculation (DAI). The third molt (M3) to th...

to understand the relationship between natural physicochemical properties of soil and abundance of citrus root nematode (tylenchulus semipenetrans), a survey was conducted during 2009-2010 in some 37 citrus orchards, in kohgilouyeh va boyerahmad province, iran. distribution of the citrus nematode was determined by collecting random samples from the soil and citrus plant roots, extracting and en...