the present article discusses about the us security policy after the incident of 11 september 2001, with reference to the middle east, in general and iran in particular. the author focuses the design of current us administration and its endeavor to capture some of the strategic places in the name of terrorism and as a savior of democracy such as in afghanistan and iraq, although those designs h...

Cognitive frameworks and belief systems are the primary lenses through which presidents view the world. Two important questions are whether these beliefs ever change significantly, and if so, what causes these changes? This article develops empirical data on the strategic and operational beliefs of President George W. Bush (GWB) as a means of examining the theoretical basis for how and why core...

This paper tests for the capitalization of policy platforms into equity prices using a sample of 70 firms favored under Bush or Gore platforms during the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Two sources of daily data during the six months leading up to the election are incorporated: firm-specific equity returns and the probability of a Bush victory as implied by prices from the Iowa electronic mark...