background: colorectal cancer (crc) is the third most common malignancy in iran. limited data are available on knowledge and barriers in regard to crc and screening tests in iran. the aim of  the study was to characterize knowledge, practice, and barriers toward crc and its screening tests among an iranian at‑risk population. methods: this cross‑sectional study was conducted with participation ...

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that onset in the first 3 years of life and led to lifelong disability.Despite the early onset of symptoms, diagnosis of thissyndromedoes not happenuntil severalyears later, somany childrenlosethe opportunityfor earlyintervention.There arevarious toolsforscreening anddiagnosis, buttheirdesign, strengths and weaknesses aredifferent. The aim of ...

background: autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that onset in the first 3 years of life and led to lifelong disability.despite the early onset of symptoms, diagnosis of thissyndromedoes not happenuntil severalyears later, somany childrenlosethe opportunityfor earlyintervention.there arevarious toolsforscreening anddiagnosis, buttheirdesign, strengths and weaknesses aredifferent. the aim of ...

background: oropharyngeal dysphagia following stroke enhances the risk of dehydration, malnutrition, aspiration  pneumonia, persistent disablement, and even death. screening of dysphagia has been shown to positively change health outcomes. the aim of the present study was to systematically introduce the published swallowing screening methods in patients with stroke and  their appropriateness fo...

in the previous two parts of educational manuscript series in emergency, we explained some screening characteristics of diagnostic tests including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. in the 3rd  part we aimed to explain positive and negative likelihood ratio (lr) as one of the most reliable performance measures of a diagnostic test. to better underst...

context maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and alpha fetal protein (afp) were originally introduced to detect trisomy 21 and neural tube defects. however, in the absence of aneuploidy or neural tube defects, mid-trimester maternal serum hcg and/or maternal serum afp associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. pregnancies with unexplained mid-trimester elevation in maternal serum ...