it is only thirteen years since the scanning electron microscope has been available commercially. yet, even in this short period of time, this instrument has been a powerful tool in the investigation of topography, electrical and magnetic properties, crystal structure, cathodoluminescent characteristics etc. of solid specimens. today, this type of microscope has opened its place alongside the c...

background of the study: colorectal cancer (crc) which is the third most diagnosed cancer throughout the world is steadily rising in the asian countries with the incidence rates mimicking the western counterparts. the pre-neoplastic nature of the transitional mucosa (tm) adjoining crc lacks conclusive evidence so far. pertaining to this, the study of the mucus layer, the functional component of...

background and aims. the manufacturing process of rotary ni-ti file can influence its resistance to fracture. the rotary profile (dentsply-maillefer, baillagues, switzerland) is manufactured by grinding mechanism whereas twisted file (sybron endo, usa) is manufactured with a twisting method. the purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effect of manufacturing process on distortio...