background in islamic countries alcohol consumption is considered as against religious values. therefore, estimation of frequency of alcohol consumptions using direct methods is prone to different biases. in this study, we indirectly estimated the frequency of alcohol use in iran, in network of a representative sample using network scale up (nsu) method.   methods in a national survey, about 40...

background abortions are of major public health concern in developing countries. in settings in which abortion is highly prohibited, the direct interview is not a reliable method to estimate the abortion rate. the indirect estimation methods to measure the rate of abortion might overcome this dilemma; they are practical methods to estimate the size of the hidden group who do not agree to partic...

membrane-based technologies have increasingly been chosen in desalination processes, which is evidenced by the increase of large-scale plants constructed in recent years. indeed, several appropriate strategies should be considered to minimize problems faced during the construction, such as membrane system designs, area requirement, energy requirement, operation and maintenance, and environmenta...

0