the grace mission has substantiated the low–low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-sst) concept. the ll-sst configuration can be combined with the previously realized high–low sst concept in the champ mission to provide a much higher accuracy. the line of sight (los) acceleration difference between the grace satellite pair is the most frequently used observable for mapping the global gravity f...

gravity recovery and climate experiment (grace) satellite gravimetry mission launched in march 2002 based on its twin gravimetric satellites makes application of both high-low (hl) and law-low (ll) gravimetric techniques possible. the ll is based on satellite-to-satellite tracking (sst) via the one way two frequencies k-band-ranging between the two grace satellites. as a result of combination o...

gravity acceleration data have grand pursuit for marine applications. due to environmental effects, marine gravity observations always hold a high noise level. in this paper, we propose an approach to produce marine gravity data using satellite altimetry, high-resolution geopotential models and harmonic splines. on the one hand, harmonic spline functions have great capability for local gravity ...

the recent dedicated satellite gravimetry missions have provided huge amount of high quality gravity data with global coverage. from computational point of view, estimation of the unknown gravity field parameters is a highly demanding task due to the sheer number of observations and the unknown coefficients. different computational schemes have been proposed to tackle the problem. since the ear...

The acceleration and heating of the solar wind have been studied for decades using satellite observations and models. However, the exact mechanism that leads to solar wind heating and acceleration is poorly understood. In order to improve the understanding of the physical mechanisms that are involved in these processes a combination of modeling and observational analysis is required. Recent mod...

the earth’s gravity field dedicated missions, champ, grace and goce have opened up a new era for the study of the earth’s gravity field. the missions measure different functionals on the earth’s gravitational potential which are represented in terms of the stokes coefficients or the so-called geopotential models. the mapping process of the observations into the coefficients is called recovery o...

measuring field gravity in sea due to the accelerations introduced via waves and movements to the gravity measuring systems has a low accuracy since according to einstein's equalent principle, gravimeter isn't able to separate the gravity acceleration from another acceleration. ship borne gravimetery observations by means of like oscillations and accelerations of the ship motion, and ...

The determination of velocity and acceleration from GPS measurements is very important for many dynamic applications, but also for airborne gravimetry and geophysics, as long as we can achieve the specific accuracy and resolution for each application. The use of GPS receivers rather than speedometers and/or accelerometers, is a very attractive option, since they can be more cost-effective, easi...

Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload f...