BACKGROUND In most developing countries, open defecation is the 'way of life'. This practice is considered as the most serious health and environmental hazard. Prime Minister of India launched the "Swachh Bharat Mission" to accelerate the efforts for achieving universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation. OBJECTIVE To find the knowledge, attitude and practices of sanitary latr...

Introduction An early textbook in hydrology (Mead 1919) contains a remarkable chapter on ground water as well as two chapters on geology. The author, Daniel W. Mead, a professor of hydraulic and sanitary engineering at the University of Wisconsin (now the University of WisconsinMadison), based the text on lecture notes (published earlier, Mead [1904]) for his course in general hydrology. In fac...

Caffeine has been suggested as a chemical indicator for domestic wastewater in freshwater systems, although it is not included in water quality monitoring programs. The Third Fork Creek watershed in Durham, NC, is highly urbanized, with a history of receiving untreated wastewater from leaking and overflowing sanitary sewers. The poor water quality originating in the Third Fork Creek watershed t...

INTRODUCTION 4 This subject, Urban Wet-Weather Flows, was comprised of three basic subareas – combined-sewer 5 overflows (CSOs), sanitary-sewer overflows (SSOs), and stormwater discharges. Major proceedings 6 related to wet-weather flow (WWF) published during 2000 were the following: (1) ASCE EWRI 7 Conference – Bridging the Gap: Meeting the World’s Water and Environmental Resources Challenges ...

Rather than seeing landscape as an invisible backdrop to sanitary reform, this article offers another context through which to consider the problems facing local authorities and sanitary officials in identifying and tackling sanitary problems. Using Wales as a case study, this article first addresses how rural landscapes were imagined and second how as "environments" and "territories" they infl...

Policy-makers have cited menstruation and lack of sanitary products as barriers to girls’ schooling. We evaluate these claims using a randomized evaluation of sanitary products provision to girls in Nepal. We report two findings. First, menstruation has a very small impact on school attendance: we estimate that girls miss a total of 0.4 days in a 180 day school year. Second, improved sanitary t...

The microbiological quality of 75 private drinking water supply boreholes in Co. Cork, Ireland was assessed in order to determine the incidence of contamination and the potential pathways of such contamination. Microbiological analysis was carried out using the membrane filtration technique for the recovery of thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms. The sanitary protection of the supplies was evalua...

Health degradation modifies Trp metabolism through induction of Trp catabolism. This could limit the amount of Trp available for growth. The aims of the present experiment were to investigate the effects of a low grade inflammation and dietary Trp on growth and Trp metabolism. Eighty weaned pigs were assigned to 4 experimental treatments according to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: 2 sanitary st...

background: the hygienic issues are the essential criteria in the primary site selection, compatibility and maintain of passengers health after use of the services. qom with 17 million annual tourists is the second religious tourism center in iran. the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the public residential centers internal managers’ educational status on their environmental h...