This paper examines the impact of sanctions on trade, and how international relations influences the welfare implications of sanctions. Sanctions intend to punish target countries by inhibiting them from the gains from trade. The e↵ect of sanctions depends on not only the bilateral impact on trade but how much trade is diverted to other countries. I decompose international trade by the types of...

The question of what deters crime is of both theoretical and practical interest. The present paper focuses on what factors deter minor, non-violent crimes, i.e., dishonest actions that violate the law. Much research has been devoted to testing the effectiveness of legal sanctions on crime, while newer models also include social sanctions (judgment of friends or family) and internal sanctions (f...

This essay reviews the literature and origins of the targeted sanctions framework. The development of smart sanctions has solved many of the political problems that prior efforts at comprehensive trade sanctions had created. In so doing, the idea of smart sanctions served as a useful focal point for policy coordination among key stakeholders. Nevertheless, there is no systematic evidence that s...

Informal sanctions are a major determinant of a society’s social capital because they are key to the enforcement of implicit agreements and social norms. Yet, little is known about the driving forces behind informal sanctions. We systematically examine the determinants of informal sanctions by a large number of experiments. Our experiments allow us to identify the relative importance of three m...

The Hall Life' Council of the SLC held an open m ee tin g thursday night in the CCE to hear students opinions on sanctions for p a r ie ta l h o u rs an d d rin k in g regulations. A p p ro x im ate ly 100 s tu d e n ts attending the m eeting heard Tom Reed, an R.A. in Lyons say tha t it would be impossible for him to continue to be an R.A. with sanctions, as they have been proposed, being impo...

with financial support from the European Community under the 7 th Framework Programme. The publication reflects the views of the author(s) and not those of the European Community, who is not to be held liable for any use that may be made of the information contained. Figure 2: Number of farms by number of sanctions per farm and year; slight sanctions (a) and severe sanctions (b), Swiss control ...

threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...