The matched pairs sign test using bivariate ranked set sampling (BVRSS) is introduced and investigated. We show that this test is asymptotically more efficient than its counterpart sign test based on a bivariate simple random sample (BVSRS). The asymptotic null distribution and the efficiency of the test are derived. The Pitman asymptotic relative efficiency is used to compare the asymptotic pe...

Non-parametric paired analyses are approached through the same logic as the parametric paired t-tests: a 2 sample paired analysis can be reduced to a 1 sample test by creating a single distribution of the differences between each pair. If the distribution of the differences are nonnormal, and cannot be normalized by transforming the data to some other ratio scale, a 1 sample non-parametric test...

This paper develops a new test, the trinomial test, for pairwise ordinal data samples to improve the power of the sign test by modifying its treatment of zero differences between observations, thereby increasing the use of sample information. Simulations demonstrate the power superiority of the proposed trinomial test statistic over the sign test in small samples in the presence of tie observat...

This paper presents and statistically compares eight alternative methods that could possibly be used in the analysis of matched or paired sample data, including situations in which the data being analyzed satisfy the usual assumptions of normality and continuity necessary for the use of parametric tests as well as when the data are numeric and non-numeric measurements on as low as the ordinal s...

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the Editor and two anonymous referees for their substantive comments that have significantly improved this manuscript. Abstract This paper develops a new test, the trinomial test, for pairwise ordinal data samples to improve the power of the sign test by modifying its treatment of zero differences between observations, thereby increasing the use of sample inf...

in this study, a new sign for clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis is introduced. the study was performed on a sample of 250 cases simply selected from the patients with acute appendicitis admitted to al-zahra hospital of isfahan. before operation, the patients were evaluated for this sign in order to assess its predictive value in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. following the intervention...