This chapter explores the concept of using ranked simulated sampling approach (RSIS) to improve the well-known Monte-Carlo methods, introduced by Samawi (1999), and extended to steady-state ranked simulated sampling (SRSIS) by Al-Saleh and Samawi (2000). Both simulation sampling approaches are then extended to multivariate ranked simulated sampling (MVRSIS) and multivariate steady-state ranked ...

This paper discusses the thoughts of Montgomery Watt about Islamic studies, especially Watt's opinion regarding relationship between three divine religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). study aims to show that not all orientalists are subjective in studying Islam. Watt, for example, his research tries be objective by taking sources from Islam itself. The method used this is descriptive an...

yahyaal-samawi, iraqi poet, is one of the most prominent figures of resistance literature and contemporary arabic poetry. al-samawi defended his motherland with his poems, and in this course he went through torture, adversary, and moving out of his land. he started writing his resistance poems during ba’athist rule in iraq under saddam. he played an important role in opposing saddamists’ misgui...

Islam as a samawi religion provides 2 sources for its followers, namely the Qur’an and hadith, understanding source in requires process of interpretation one sciences that develops interpretation. al-Qur’an is bi al-ma’tsur, how concept understanding, development, method are, these three things are focus research this study. This literature review with qualitative descriptive approach. The resu...

The pattern of thinking relativism and pluralism in the postmodern era has always been a problem religious life. is due to openness relations between religions. This style will be good if it accommodates sense brotherhood mutual understanding communities. On other hand, harmful used bring down study aims build constructive model comparative theology pluralistic society Indonesia. research metho...