Most studies on icephobicity focus on ice formation with pure water. This manuscript presents studies to understand the influence of surfaces on saltwater ice nucleation and propagation. Experiments are conducted to quantify the influence of surface chemistry on saltwater ice nucleation and to understand the utility of superhydrophobic surfaces for saltwater icephobicity. These experiments are ...

There is a close connection between saltwater intrusion into aquifers and groundwater extraction. Freshwater extraction in coastal aquifers is one of the most important reasons for the saltwater intrusion into these aquifers. Condition of extraction system such as well depth, discharge rate, saltwater concentration and etc. could affect this process widely. Thus, investigating different extract...

Saltwater intrusion widely occurs in coastal areas. Therefore, dissolved salts are the most common contaminants in freshwater in coastal aquifers and this contamination arises from saltwater invasion, caused primarily by human activities due to heavy urbanization. For investigation of the methods of increasing storage of fresh ground water and prevention of seawater encroachment, predicting the...

The second part of this three-part series on water-related dermatoses will discuss dermatologic conditions seen in athletes exposed to saltwater. The vast majority of the following dermatoses result from contact with organisms that inhabit saltwater, including bacteria, cnidarians, and echinoderms. This review also will include other dermatoses affecting saltwater athletes and should serve as a...

Salt wedges divide coastal groundwater flow regime into two distinct regions that include a freshwater region above the saltwater-freshwater interface and a saltwater region below the interface. Several recent studies have investigated saltwater transport in coastal aquifers and the associated flow and mixing processes. Most of these studies, however, have either focused on studying the movemen...

The salinization processes of the Yarkon-Taninim aquifer (Israel) were investigated for many years, and so far little was known about the saline water body prevailing in the North-Western margin of the aquifer. The salinity of the water in this water body is close to that of seawater. Recently, in drilled wells in the Northern part of the aquifer, it was found that the freshwater and the saltwa...

Owing to population growth and water demand, coastal aquifers all over the world are over–pumped, resulting in serious problems such as saltwater intrusion. So, in these conditions, assessing the groundwater system’s vulnerability and finding areas with saltwater intrusion potential are vital for the better management of aquifers. In this study, AHP-GALDIT was applied to saltwater intrusion vul...

there is a close connection between saltwater intrusion into aquifers and groundwater extraction. freshwater extraction in coastal aquifers is one of the most important reasons for the saltwater intrusion into these aquifers. condition of extraction system such as well depth, discharge rate, saltwater concentration and etc. could affect this process widely. thus, investigating different extract...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a dynamic genome region with an essential role in the adaptive immunity of vertebrates, especially antigen presentation. The MHC is generally divided into subregions (classes I, II and III) containing genes of similar function across species, but with different gene number and organisation. Crocodylia (crocodilians) are widely distributed and repres...