Thirsty dogs rewarded by water for bursts of spontaneous salivation showed progressive increases in salivation, while other dogs, rewarded for brief periods without salivation, showed progressive decreases. No obvious motor responses were involved, but dogs rewarded for decreasing salivation appeared more drowsy than those rewarded for increasing it. Implications for learning theory and psychos...

Salivation to food cues is typically explained in terms of mere stimulus-response links. However, food cues seem to especially increase salivation when food is attractive, suggesting a more complex psychological process. Adopting a grounded cognition perspective, we suggest that perceiving a food triggers simulations of consuming it, especially when attractive. These simulations then induce sal...

Secretion of saliva to aid swallowing and digestion is an important physiological function found in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Pavlov reported classical conditioning of salivation in dogs a century ago. Conditioning of salivation, however, has been so far reported only in dogs and humans, and its underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive because of the complexity of the mammalian bra...

there are some herbal plants in iranian traditional system of medicine which are believed to be excellent remedies to alleviate the symptoms of xerostomia. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of seven different herbal extracts on the rate of salivation in rats. the extracts of 7 herbs; zingiber officinale roscoe (zingiberaceae), citrus sinensis (l....

introduction: the aim of this study was to eva-luate the salivation flow rate objectively using schirmer test and mouth dryness and other con sequences subjectively by distributing question naires to patients receiving head and neck radio therapy. materials and methods: in this descriptive study that was carried out at imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran, the saliva flow rate of 33 patients re...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to eva-luate the salivation flow rate objectively using Schirmer test and mouth dryness and other con‌sequences subjectively by distributing question‌naires to patients receiving head and neck radio‌therapy. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study that was carried out at Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran, the saliva flow rate of 33 patients r...

Ornithodoros rostratus is an argasid tick and its importance is based on its hematophagy and the resulting transmission of pathogens such as Rickettsia rickettsii and Coxiella burnetii to its vertebrate hosts. In the face of a lack of physiological studies related to hematophagy in argasid ticks, this paper aims to identify and characterize the events that occur throughout the feeding by O. ros...