i ntroduction:   the  trigeminocardiac  reflex  (tcr)  refers  to  the  sudden development of bradycardia as well as asystole along with arterial hypotension associated with any manipulation of sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. clinically, the tcr has been reported to occur during craniofacial surgery. it is crucial to learn about this sudden physiological response during maxillofacial ...

BACKGROUND The most frequently performed osteotomy for correction of mandibular retrognathia is a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Permanent neurosensory disturbance of the inferior alveolar nerve is one of the most frequently and severe complications. Many authors have reported this, but the incidence differs widely. In the recent literature, only four authors have reported a percenta...

Osteomyelitis is classified into three groups according to its origin: osteomyelitis that originates from the blood supply, osteomyelitis related to bone disease or vascular disease, and osteomyelitis related to a local infection of dental or non-dental origin. The present case involved osteomyelitis related to a local infection of dental origin and was located in the rear area of the lingula o...

The authors undertook a prospective study to evaluate the influence that the anatomical dimensions of the ramus of the mandible and the presence of lower third molar teeth may have on the sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The anatomical dimensions measured included the width of the anterior mandibular ramus, the height of the corpus posterior to the second mandibular molar and the antero-posterio...

The standard surgical treatment for mandibular prognathism is sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) if the proximal and distal segments of the ramus require fixing with screws or metal plates. In this procedure, however, it is frequently difficult to avoid neurosensory disturbance (NSD) of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) when the posterior margin of the ramus curves inward or when the ramus i...