The emergence of the Safavid Empire in early sixteenth century marked a significant change geopolitics Middle East. This momentous coincided with widening Ottoman expansion eastward and exploration by European powers, especially Venice, possibilities forming alliances against Ottomans involvement Safavids. Thus, threat commercial interests contributed to development diplomatic, cultural, trade ...

karaki, an outstanding faqih in 10th century (ah), was the first to cooperate with the safavids, hence founding the basis for the convergence of the ulama and the state in the safavid era. his theoretical contribution lies on the proposal of the theory of the sovereignty of faqih. with karaki being scientifically and politically famous, his theory soon became wide-spread in this period and was ...

the relationships between the safavids and the shirvānshāhs and the situation of the shirvān province during the safavid’s reign comprise one of the important chapters in safavid history from the politico-military dimension and on the internal and regional level. the appearance of shah ismā‘īl i in the scene of political challenge and his attack on shirvān in 906/1500, destabilized the power of...

guilan province is located in north of iran. it plays an important natural, economic and strategic role in iranian history due to its geographical location between the caspian sea and the alborz mountain. this particular characteristic of guilan has made it one of the most important political centers in its history and in the history of its struggles against the central government of iran. iran...

following a boom in writing geographical books during the first centuries of the islamic era, a period of surprising recession occurs during the safavids. although it started a century before the safavids and dragged on for another one, and since the european geographical explorations were still ongoing and the science of geography developed vastly, it seems more surprising and prominent. amid ...

the tenth and eleventh centuries , for persian poets , were the stormy days in iran. safavids dynasty , during thes centures , wich had the powerof iran , didn’t support wery much , for some reasons , the forms of ghazel and encomiastic verse. accordingly , the iranian lyrical &encomiastic; poets immigrated to indis and there they asked for the support of gurkanian court. in this article , the ...