We study a d−dimensional FRW universe, containing a perfect fluid with p = wρ and 1 d−1 ≤ w ≤ 1, and find a correspondence principle similar to that of Horowitz and Polchinski in the black hole case. This principle follows quite generally from thermodynamics and the conservation of energy momentum tensor, and can be stated along similar lines as in the black hole case: “When the temperature T o...

the paper discusses study of kant's deontological ethics in organization and comparison of it with pillars of worldly ethic in organization and whether kant's ethics is compatible with them. kant's ethics is one of the most deontological theories in which intention and motive of action are basic roles. kant merely regarded the motive of action of moral rules, respect to them. kan...

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le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...

We trace the development of the technical ideas showing that the Second Law of Thermodynamics became, over a Century ago, a general principle of reasoning, applicable to scienti c inference in other elds than thermodynamics. Both the logic and the procedure of our present maximum entropy applications are easily recognized in the methods for predicting equilibrium conditions introduced by Gibbs ...

The broad concept of an individual's welfare is actually a cluster of related speci c concepts that bear a \family resemblance" to one another. One might care about how a policy will a ect people both in terms of their subjective preferences and also in terms of some notion of their objective interests. This paper provides a framework for evaluation of policies in terms of welfare criteria that...

The development of the equations of motion for a mechanical ystem from Hamilton’s principle can be viewed as a problem in he calculus of variations when the constraints on the system are olonomic and the forces are derivable from a potential function. endering stationary the integral of the Lagrangian over a fixed nterval of time taken between two fixed points in configuration pace, then, yield...