in this paper, the ambiguity of nite state irreducible markov chain trajectories is reminded and is obtained for two state markov chain. i give an applicable example of this concept in president election

the estimate of entropy (sample entropy), has been introduced by vasicek (1976), for the first time. in this paper, we provide an estimate of entropy of order statistics, that is the extention of the entropy estimate. then we present an application of the entropy estimate of order statistics as a test statistic for symmetry of distribution versus skewness. the proposed test has been compared wi...

conclusions the loss of hrc at the onset of admission may predict mortality in patients with blunt trauma. lower entropy, in recently admitted patients with intra-abdominal bleeding, may indicate laparotomy when the vital signs are stable. background nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability (hrv) has been recently used as a predictor of prognosis in trauma patients. objectives we applied no...

The classical ‘Kirchhoff’s theorem’ (the energy density of the radiation at equilibrium at high temperature, T , is a function of T only) is used to obtain the Casimir energy at zero temperature without recourse to regularization. The validity of ‘Kirchhoff’s theorem’ at the high-temperature limit for the case at hand is confirmed. The Casimir entropy is defined and its temperature dependence i...

in this paper, a local approach to the concept of hudetz $g$-entropy is presented. the introduced concept is stated in terms of hudetz $g$-entropy. this representation is based on the concept of $g$-ergodic decomposition which is a result of the choquet's representation theorem for compact convex metrizable subsets of locally convex spaces.

• The entropy is a state function: S = S(state). Furthermore, it is additive; S12 = S1 + S2 for a system with subsystems 1 and 2. • Entropy is unchanged in a reversible state change. That is, S(f) = S(i) and so ∆S = 0. For a reversible state change, entropy increases: S(f) > S(i), and so ∆S > 0. In all cases, ∆S ≥ 0. • When heat is added to a system, then the entropy changes by an amount propor...

It is an oft-quoted fact that there is much in common between the fields of music and mathematics. This paper seeks to examine that commonality through the use of information theory techniques, specifically, entropy as defined by Shannon. The analysis will be presented through the process of creating an entropy table for a collection of Chopin’s Nocturnes. The method for generating a random str...