The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are the most toxic proteins for humans and designated "Category A Select Agents." The current vaccine against botulism is in limited supply, and there is a need to develop new vaccine strategies. A recombinant BoNT/A toxoid was produced in Clostridium botulinum that contained a double amino acid substitution, R363A Y365F (termed BoNT/A(RYM)). BoNT/A(RYM) was non...

Two different xylanases, CX-I and CX-II, from an alkalophilic fungus, Cephalosporium sp. strain RYM-202, have been purified to homogeneity. The enzymes had similar pH (7.5 to 8.0) and temperature (50(deg)C) optima and were stable over a wide pH range of 5.5 to 12.0. Both enzymes were shown to be cellulase-free endoxylanases with transglycosidation activity.

Impact of different factors degrading cork oak stands in the Mediterranean region: A case study from Algeria | Salah Eddine Younsi, Yasmine Adjami, Rym Ghanem, Billel Bouchaib, Mohamed Laid Ouakid Agricultural Journals

Recent decade has witnessed the increasing popularity of recommender systems, which help users acquire relevant commodities and services from overwhelming resources on Internet. Some simple physical diffusion processes have been used to design effective recommendation algorithms for user-object bipartite networks, typically mass diffusion (MD) and heat conduction (HC) algorithms which have diff...

Finding a universal description of the algorithm optimization is one of the key challenges in personalized recommendation. In this article, for the first time, we introduce a scaling-based algorithm (SCL) independent of recommendation list length based on a hybrid algorithm of heat conduction and mass diffusion, by finding out the scaling function for the tunable parameter and object average de...

Abstract – In last decades, diversity and accuracy have been regarded as two essential measures in evaluating recommender systems. However, a clear concern is that a model focusing excessively on one measure will put the other one at risk, which means that it is not easy to greatly improve diversity and accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a method which can be used in many being ...