BACKGROUND Bacteria of the genus Leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis, are categorized into pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. However, the benefit of using a clinical diagnostic that is specific for pathogenic species remains unclear. In this study, we present the development of a real-time PCR (rtPCR) for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira (the pathogenic rtPCR), and we p...

Several real-time PCR (rtPCR) quantification techniques are currently used to determine the expression levels of individual genes from rtPCR data in the form of fluorescence intensities. In most of these quantification techniques, it is assumed that the efficiency of rtPCR is constant. Our analysis of rtPCR data shows, however, that even during the exponential phase of rtPCR, the efficiency of ...

Quantitative lytA real-time PCR (rtPCR) results from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs distinguish community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) from asymptomatic colonization. The use of an optimized cutoff value improved pneumococcal etiology determination compared to that of traditional diagnostic methods. Here, we compare the utility of lytA rtPCR from induced sputum and from NP swabs. Pneumococc...

BACKGROUND Yersiniosis is a zoonotic disease reported worldwide. Culture and PCR based protocols are the most common used methods for detection of pathogenic Yersinia species in animal samples. PCR sensitivity could be increased by an initial enrichment step. This step is particularly useful in surveillance programs, where PCR is applied to samples from asymptomatic animals. The aim of this stu...

We developed a highly sensitive reverse transcription and multiplex real-time PCR (rtPCR) assay that can identify five viruses, including six genogroups, in a single reaction: norovirus genogroups I and II; sapovirus genogroups I, II, IV, and V; human rotavirus A; adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41; and human astrovirus. In comparison to monoplex rtPCR assays, the sensitivities and specificities of...

OBJECTIVE To compare rates of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) and standard culture (SCx) at different anatomic sites to determine whether a more patient-friendly site (eg, retromolar trigone or gingivobuccal sulcus) would yield results similar to the tonsillar surface. Real-time polymerase chain reaction can detect GABHS at ra...

Objectives: The aim of this report was to investigate the genotypes of HCV in patients on regular hemodialysis in Iraq Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the genotypes of HCV in patients on regular hemodialysis in 7 centers across Iraq. 255 subjects with positive anti-HCV antibodies were recruited in this study. Results: To confirm the positivity, RTPCR was performe...

Our objective was to determine the effect of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on the presence of circulating prostate cells in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. A total of 60 patients at high risk for extraprostatic disease were analyzed for the presence of circulating prostate cells using reverse transcriptase PCR (RTPCR) amplification of the prostate-specific antigen ...

background:avian reoviruses (arvs) are members of theorthoreovirus genus; one of the 12 genera of the reoviridaefamily. the arvs are the cause of some important diseases inpoultry such as reovirus-induced arthritis, tenosynovitis,chronic respiratory disease, and mal-absorption syndrome.objectives: in this study, the presence of arvs in the iranianbreeder flocks was investigated through reverse ...

Background: Infection with two agents might cause overlapping symptoms, confusing the treating physician. This study aims to determine current coinfections rates in dengue patients a tertiary care Govt. General Hospital, Anathapuramu. Method: From July 2021 November 2021, an observational was conducted at Government Medical College & Hospital Ananthapuramu. A total of 100 clinically suspect...