the geographic location of the elamite terrain which lies in parts of today's khuzestan caused a middle-man-role for this region situated in between water-ways leading to the head of the persian gulf and iranian plateau and mesopotamia. in addition to the fact that this territory, possessing several rivers, was very fertile, the reality that of one of the most important iranian trade-route...

Major roads can reduce bat abundance and diversity over considerable distances. To mitigate against these effects and comply with environmental law, many European countries install bridges, gantries or underpasses to make roads permeable and safer to cross. However, through lack of appropriate monitoring, there is little evidence to support their effectiveness. Three underpasses and four bat ga...

The Elymaic script was identified by Michael Everson in 2001 in “Roadmapping early Semitic scripts” (N2311) as a suitable candidate for encoding in Unicode. It was allocated to the “Roadmap to the Supplementary Multilingual Plane” (v. 3.0) in the same year. Although no proposal to encode the script was submitted during the past sixteen years, preliminary research indicates there is current and ...

Following ouabain-induced degeneration, the neural retina and the retinotectal axons regenerate. The pathways of regenerated retinal ganglion cell axons in retina and in tectum are visualized by labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the optic nerve. In retina, the axons exhibit highly abnormal courses, including extensive fascicle crossing, hairpin loops and circular routes. In ...

elymais regions include the elevated plains and valleys of bakhtiary mountains in east of karun river and in fact it is the northeast of khozestan province. although the exact determining of the region extend is difficult but during its life the extend has changed in terms of the new conquests of parthians and some more or less important parts of elymais were dominated by small neighboring stat...

Weather conditions are paramount in shaping birds' migratory routes, promoting the evolution of behavioural plasticity and allowing for adaptive decisions on when to depart or stop during migration. Here, we describe and analyze the influence of weather conditions in shaping the sea-crossing stage of the pre-breeding journey made by a long-distance migratory bird, the Eleonora's falcon (Falco e...

We mapped migration routes of migratory songbirds to the Neotropics by using light-level geolocators mounted on breeding purple martins (Progne subis) and wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina). Wood thrushes from the same breeding population occupied winter territories within a narrow east-west band in Central America, suggesting high connectivity of breeding and wintering populations. Pace of s...