Ornithologists have played a key role in the development of the habitat concept. The conspicuous nature of birds has allowed ornithologists to assemble a vast amount of information relating the distribution and abundance of birds to aspects of the environment (Brown, 1984; Mayr, 1988; Konishi et a]., 1989; Morrison et a]. , 1992). The application of the term "habitat" has been used as a unifyin...

Although ecologists have become increasingly sophisticated in applying tests for statistical significance, few are aware of the power of these tests. Statistical power is the probability of getting a statistically significant result given that there is a biologically real effect in the population being studied. If a particular test is not statistically significant, is it because there is no eff...

Logging and livestock grazing are widespread management practices in Southwestern ponderosa pine forests that may act either independently or synergistically with fire management to influence habitat availability and use, reproductive success, and songbird population levels. Fire, historically an important natural process in Southwestem ponderosa pine forests, had far-reaching affects on forest...

Breeding passerine abundances in Great Basin shrubsteppe and grassland habitats were surveyed in southwestern Idaho by using 73 pairs of 200-m radius circular point counts. Points were placed along roads and paired with points 400 m away from roads but in similar habitat. Grassland species such as Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) and Western Meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta) accounted for 65 ...

commonly occur in winter in large flocks that exploit similar patchy resources, for example locally abundant Toyon berry (Heteromeles arbutifolia) crops. Unlike the above pairs, some other pairs of significantly covarying species show no obvious ecological relationships. Examples of such pairs are the Cedar Waxwing with Dark-eyed Junco or the Hermit Thrush with Purple Finch. In fact, close stud...

-A theoretical approach to the analysis of historical factors (Raup 1972) in evolutionary morphology is presented which addresses transformational hypotheses about structural systems. This (structural) approach to testing historical hypotheses about phylogenetic constraints on form and function and structural and functional versatility involves (I) the reconstruction of nested sets of structura...

-   ahmadi, m., kaboli, m., imani harsini, j., khosravi sharifabadi, r., almasi, m., 2012. strategic management plan for wolf (canis lupus) in hamedan province: an approach to reducing human-wolf conflicts. journal of natural environment, iranian journal of natural resources. 65, 271–281. -   ballard, w.b., dau, j.r., 1983. characteristics of gray wolf, canis lupus, den and rendezvous sites in ...

Proper management of grasslands and shrublands requires an understanding of the factors that influence the persistence of organisms. We compare differences in vegetation between sites occupied by the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) and random sites to investigate composition of grasses and forbs and the importance of cover. We observed that birds selected habitat, at least i...

--Foraging behavior in the closely related Hairy (Picoides villosus) and Whiteheaded (P. albolarvatus) woodpeckers was examined in an area of sympatry to evaluate interseasonal and intersexual resource use. Similar foraging heights were observed for each species-sex sample during summer, but significant differences were evident during winter. Male and female White-heads maintained similar relat...

—To assess the relationship between marsh area and relative abundance of tidal marsh bird species, we surveyed birds on 86 circular plots in 40 salt and brackish tidal marshes in Connecticut. We measured marsh area in two ways: the amount of contiguous marsh vegetation not interrupted by broad barriers (.500 m of open water or .50 m of upland habitat) and by narrow barriers (.30 m of open water...