There are many domestic wastewater treatment processes in use today. Generally, they are all biological systems and they may be broadly categorized as either fixed film processes or suspended growth processes. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the rotating biological contactor process (RBC), a particularly efficient fixed film process, became popular. However, the primary manufacturer of RBCs i...

Several studies have employed rotating biological contactors (RBCs) for nitrogen removal. However, partially submersed disks are used for nitrification, while completely submersed disks are used for denitrification. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of disk submergence in the performance of rotating biological contactors, in terms of the denitrification process. Two RBCs...

Most coupled or combined processes use a fixed film reactor in series with a suspended growth reactor. In combined processes, the fixed film reactor usually consists of a biological tower. The suspended growth reactor is generally an aeration basin or small contact channel. Other types of combined processes have been used where rotating biological contactors (RBC’s), lagoons, or other treatment...

Combined processes are a hybridization of the activated sludge and attached growth systems, including packed beds, suspended carrier materials, and rotating biological contactors. In general, having an fixed film component has a buffering effect in the event of a process disturbance. Process disturbances may include extreme hydraulic overloading, discharge of toxic compounds into the system, or...

Fixed film biological wastewater treatment processes, such as trickling filters, biological fluidized beds, and rotating biological contactors (RBC), have gained more attention recently due to their less energy consumption, ease of operation and low maintenance requirements. However, the dynamic nature of biofilms and their kinetic characteristics have not been fully understood. Designs of the ...

A scale-up design procedure, based on a new physical mass transfer (PMT) model, whichdescribes the performance, for aerobic rotating biological contactors (RBC’s) is developed. This scale-up procedure can be used to determine the disc surface area needed to prevent an oxygen limitation or to obtain a specific degree of treatment. In contrast to the empirical, and most previous RBC performance m...

A rotating biological contactor (RBC) is a type of attached-growth wastewater treatment system and widely used technology. It employs series discs to support microbial growth promote the removal pollutants from wastewater. RBC recognized for its simplicity design, high reliability, low energy consumption. has been in various applications, small-scale decentralized systems large municipal plants...